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içindekiler
sayfa

önsöz ..........................................................................................................................................ı
teşekkür.....................................................................................................................................ıı
özet............................................................................................................................................v
şekil ve tablo listesi..................................................................................................................v
kısaltmalar listesi....................................................................................................................vıı

1. mikroişlemciler..........................................................................................................1
1.1 giriş.................................................................................................................................1
1.2 mikroişlemcinin yapısı...................................................................................................2
1.2.1.akümülatör............................................................................................................4
1.2.2.progrm sayıcı ( pc ) ..............................................................................................4
1.2.3.komut adresleyicisi(ır).........................................................................................4
1.2.4.komut kod çözücüsü..............................................................................................4
1.2.5.durum saklayıcı.....................................................................................................4
1.2.6.aritmetik ve mantık birimi ( alu ) ......................................................................5
1.2.7 kontrol birimi .......................................................................................................6
1.2.8.yığın göstergsci( sp )............................................................................................6
1.3 mikroişlemcide iletişim yolları......................................................................................7
1.3.1.veri yolu..........................................................................................................8
1.3.2.adres yolu......................................................................................................8
1.3.3.kontrol yolu................................................................................................8
1.4 bellek..............................................................................................................................9
1.4.1.iç bellek................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.dış bellek.............................................................................................................11
1.4.3.yarıiletken bellekler.............................................................................................11
1.4.3.1.ram bellek....................................................................................................12
1.4.3.1.1.ram bellek yapıları................................................................................12
1.4.3.1.1.1.ttl ram bellek.............................................................................14
1.4.3.1.1.2.ecl ram bellek.............................................................................15
1.4.3.1.1.3. ııl ram bellek...............................................................................15
1.4.3.1.1.4.mos ram bellek............................................................................15
a) statik ram.............................................................................15
b) dinamik ram..........................................................................16
1.4.3.2 rom bellek....................................................................................................18
a) rom.........................................................................................................19
b) prom......................................................................................................19
c) eprom....................................................................................................20
d) earom - eerom..................................................................................21
1.5 giriş/ çıkış ünitesi........................................................................................................22
1.6 dac ve adc ler...........................................................................................................25
1.6.1.dac.....................................................................................................................26
a) ağırlık dirençli dac.......................................................................................26
b) merdiven tipi dac..........................................................................................27
1.6.2.adc.....................................................................................................................28
a) paralel karşılaştırıcılı adc...............................................................................28
b) tek eğimli adc................................................................................................29
2. z80 mikroişlemci........................................................................................................31
2.1 giriş...............................................................................................................................31
2.2 z80 mikroişlemci kaydedicileri....................................................................................32
2.2.1.özel amaçlı kaydediciler......................................................................................33
1.program sayıcı ( pc ) .......................................................................................33
2.yığın işaretcisi (sp ) ........................................................................................33
3.indeks kaydedicileri..........................................................................................33
4.kesme sayfası adres kaydedicileri....................................................................33
5.bellek tazeleme kaydedicisi..............................................................................34
2.2.2.akümülatör ve bellek kaydedicileri.....................................................................34
2.2.3.genel amaçlı kaydediciler....................................................................................34
2.3 aritmetik ve mantık birimi..........................................................................................34
2.4 komut kaydedicisi ve mikroişlemci denetimi..............................................................34
2.5 z80 mikroişemcisinin bacak tanımları..........................................................................36
2.6 z80 mikroişlemcisinin zamanlaması............................................................................39
2.7 z80 mikroişlemcisinin durum bayrakları......................................................................40
1.elde bayrağı ( c ).......................................................................................................40
2.sıfır bayrağı ( z ) ......................................................................................................40
3.işaret bayrağı ( s )......................................................................................................40
4.eslik/taşma bayrağı (p/v ).........................................................................................40
5.yarım elde bayrağı (h ).............................................................................................40
6.toplama ve çıkarma bayrağı ( n )...........................................................................40
3. z80 komut yapısı.........................................................................................................41
4. z80 programlama.............................................................................................................42
5. z80 komut takımı.......................................................................................................44
6. z80 uygulama örneği ( ısı algılama ve kontrol ) .................................48
6.1 giriş...............................................................................................................................49
6.2 ısı algılama sistemi.....................................................................................................49
6.3 adc.............................................................................................................................50
6.4 cpu kartı......................................................................................................................51
6.4.1.z80 mib.................................................................................................................52
6.4.2.ram.......................................................................................................................52
6.4.3.eprom..................................................................................................................52
6.4.4.pıo.........................................................................................................................53
6.5 display.........................................................................................................................53
6.6 buton............................................................................................................................54
6.7 bilgisayar.....................................................................................................................54
6.8 eprom programı...........................................................................................................55
6.9 projenin çalıştırılması..................................................................................................75


sonuç ve öneriler......................................................................................................................82
kaynaklar..................................................................................................................................83
ekler ( 1 – 6 )............................................................................................................................84
özgeçmiş...................................................................................................................................90

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